The Pecking Order - Everyday Life in Cyberspace

     The Pecking Order:   Every Day Life in Cyberspace
 
The childhood chant, "I know what you are doing!"  has validity in the  world of searchers
in the United States and in the rest of the communications accessible world.  They are
called Hackers, Phreakers, and Hams.  Hacker is a term used to describe
Telecommunications Hobbyists who explore the universe of computers. Phreaks or
Phreakers are oriented to exploring the universe of telephony and connected radio
communications.  Hams are experts in radio signals and the air waves propagated by RF.
In recent years the orientations of these formerly distinct interests have merged.  Sobczak
has located and logged onto more than 3000 BBS nationwide.  We have a listing of in
excess of thirty-five hundred BBSes and thirty thousand relevant web sites in the United
States and some two thousand BBSes and 50,000 web sites in South America, Central
America, Europe, Asia and Australia.  Our estimate, considering individual part time Sites
operated after school or work, is that as many as 100,000 continue to exist nationwide
(many as unpublicized web sites).  These sources provide a wide range of raw information
that with proper analysis can provide insight into corporate and government policy, trends
and activities.  Information is particularly relevant when trusted, free spirited employees
discuss that which should be proprietary openly among their peers.

A drug bust went sour in Queens, NY because the drug kingpins are into computers,
hacking and using derived radio frequencies to monitor law enforcement activities.
Someone heard Law Enforcement radio calls prior to the supposedly secret drug raid.
Early on a media report blamed the NYC Fire Department for loose security.  A review of
the backup tapes for the raid's communications prove the leak was from a Police radio.
These facts were communicated upon a message type BBS.

We have been able to predict intrusions in ARPA, DOD, NSA and USAF based upon
correlating individual data items into a logical prognostication. We have not been
successful in gaining credibility with Intelligence Agencies or corporate security
organizations because of their mind set requires a large organization, proper higher level
educational credentials for all involved employees and acceptance by a tradition oriented
professional community. We informed a Brokerage that four VAX telecommunications lines
to the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange were open to hackers.  They didn't
believe they could be intruded upon by hackers.  They continue to ignore being hacked.

As  in market  research,  when  a universe  is  too  cumbersome to evaluate,  one creates
a test universe to determine the demographics of the larger universe.   Sobczak chose to
reduce the universe American BBS and web sites within our worldwide database to a more
reasonable number that specifically claimed to be Phreaker/Hacker/Ham oriented.  The
majority of our sources produce new inputs sporadically.  Key words in messages of
general use BBS and in certain web rings inform those with the appropriate level of
privilege of when and where to join in. Level of privilege is equivalent to the clearance to
see classified or proprietary information.

Hacker identity is seldom broken.  Intelligence agencies do not have the capability to
encompass the system.  Most use compromised individuals (those caught in the act of
doing something wrong) to catch others doing wrong. Most high level hackers have been
involved with security at sometime in their past.  They develop a sixth sense about the
integrity of individuals known only by handle (pseudonym) and reputation in a counter
culture oriented to game playing.
                          
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        SAMPLE LIST OF THOSE CLAIMING TO BE HACKER SITES
 
      BBS Name           Phone Number   Baud      Sysop(s)  Computer
1. The Junkyard IBM 213-932-XXXX   33600     Junkman   I.B.M.
2. Rockin' Ranch         516-XXX-7248   28800     Ranger Rick I.B.M.
3. AT-TEL 16 Bit         812-446-XXXX   28800     Mr. Hayes Atari ST
4. Time Zone        914-XXX-1185   33600     The Watcher I.B.M.
5. Stranger Eyes         818-409-XXXX   15600     Jagged Edge I.B.M.
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We established criteria concerning the validity and credibility of Hacker/Phreaker/Ham
sources.  We judge by the relevance of available information using validity in relation to
volume and content of message exchanges colored by the frequency of appearance of
certain hacker/phreaker/ham handles (user id's).  The number of Sites originating in South
and Central America or in Florida within ethnic communities could be an indicator if
someone interested in Drugs knew what to search for.

Within our universe we were able to define ample categories, i.e.,

                - Professional (esoteric)
                - Professional (criminal intent)
                - Software Exchanges
                - Knowledge Exchanges (Anarchy Boards)
                - Talk Shows
                - Kiddie Shows
 
PROFESSIONAL

The professional (esoteric) sites are built around a sophisticated repertoire of features.
The System Operator/Web Master does not permit joking or childish game playing.  He is
ego oriented.  His site, in his mind set, is best.  Software is up-to-date, i.e., only the latest
versions and virus free patches are posted.  All content is certified virus free.  In some
cases a review of the software library, available for sale or trade, exists.  Text (Knowledge)
is equally current.   Message or Chat Boards (Talk Shows) are at a technical level that
most participants on other boards could/would not participate.  Participation requires
passing an interview with the sysop/web master or a committee of users.  Interviewer
experience rivals the state of the art in topics which range from electronic circuit design and
electronic interdiction technologies beyond sniffers to sophisticated software development,
i.e., architectures, compilers, assemblers/disassemblers, etc.  Vulgarity (Kiddie Shows)
is not tolerated and evokes instant elimination, i.e., expulsion from the site forever.  The
download to upload rate is 3-1. Sometimes you  pay for Special Interest Groups.  A very
legalistic tack is taken to remove liability for misuse of information collected by a user from
the Sysop or Site.
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SAMPLE OF LEGALISTIC APPROACH

{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}
{} Knowledge is FREE  {}
{}  To a Good Hacker    {}
{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}
 
ONE CALL PER DAY PLEASE
 
LEARN IT OR LOSE IT . . . 
 
Much information in this system is user supplied and not scanned for content in all
cases.
 
We accept no responsibility for any information left by the users of this system.
 
We assume no liability for loss or damage caused directly, indirectly, or alleged to
be caused by information found herein.
 
The information found herein is for educational and informational purposes only.
 
Subsequent usage of this information is the sole responsibility of the user who
agrees by the act of entering this system to release the operator(s) from all liability.
 
Our operators do not advocate the fraudulent use of any information contained in
this system.  This Site is only a forum for the discussion of given subjects . . . 
 
Do you agree to the conditions as set forth in the disclaimer? Y
 
Welcome to XXXX systems, dedicated to communications hobbyists of all types.  In
this system you will find various topics of discussion; Telephone Phreaking,
Computer Hacking, Amateur Radio, Amateur Satellite, Software trading and much
more . . . 
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CRIMINAL INTENT

What we classify as criminal intent is similar to the professional.  The differences are the
types of software and suggestions concerning the use of knowledge and software borders
on criminal.   Knowledge exchanged includes telephone numbers, passwords, access
codes that provide unauthorized access to computers and telephone switching
equipments.  By organizing inputs from a dozen or more Criminal Intent sources, Sobczak
learned the location of the Strategic Air Command (now StratCom) Operations Computer
XXX feet underground to the left by XXX feet of a major landmark on Offutt AFB, Omaha
NE.  Further, connections are to the Intelligence Data Handling System that joins the IBM
4XXX to 3XXX to HP VAX and UNISYS 1100 down to NT/4 based terminal networks.
Terms like CUBICS, DNAS, DNSIX, DODIIS seem to evoke target status in the minds of
free spirits seeking to open information flow.  

Whether you are protected by TOP SECRET or RAC-F mainframe security or special
National Computer Security Center (an arm of the National Security Agency) approved
systems, you are at risk.  We have text (125MB zipped) for thirty-one Operating Systems
within the ARPAnet's TCP/IP and integrated secure applications.  Hacker text rivals
Datapro, SRI and Computer Security Institute publications.  Discussions include detail  of
the target's security and the defines controls the target has in place to monitor that security.
Some very interesting discussions provide tutorials concerning how a person might illegally
enter and browse any secure computer or network. As an example, web sites document
access to many connect nodes of ARPANET and MILNET with an appropriate password/ID
to assure entry.  While the DTIC was developing the LEAD firmware to protect the massive
DROLS database, a hacker in the daytime employ of the Government was creating a
software bypass.  He believes free access in a democracy includes all data.

The list of topics in one library menu includes a title termed NASA BUST as a  selection.
A novice following the instructions easily enters into the NASA SPAN Network.  He has at
his disposal a universe of computing power unimagined by those not so indoctrinated. If
he is a criminal, this unsecured access will permit him to place the repetitive WORM that
the media has documented several times back into the SPAN network.  What he does,
once there, is his business.  It is important to realize he achieved SPAN because a trusted
employee with access privilege thought to provide access freely to others.  

Messages ask for information which we consider illegal.   Dr. Sobczak contacted New York
Office of the U.S.  Secret Service.  A Special Agent explained that possessing
knowledge is not criminal.  Use of knowledge is criminal.  In the world of Counter
Intelligence Security there are too few computer generalists.  Hackers explain how to deal
with investigators in many text files oriented to behavior during the raid on a hacker's
installation and the subsequent investigation by Law Enforcement officials. Primary
emphasis is on the lack of computer skills on the part of the Law Enforcement raiders.  If
we see an indication of an attack upon National Government Data Resources, we notify
the authorities.  Unfortunately no Federal Law Enforcement agency has central
responsibility.  A patriotic American citizen is, in many calls, wasting his time. It makes no
sense to tell the USAF that 12 bases in the southern part of the US were involved with an
embedded Virus.  All that occurs is that the person providing the warning is suspect.  We
notified the U.S.  Department of State that valid telephone numbers were listed on criminal
intent BBS for the U.S. Embassy in Bonn and U.S. Mission/NATO, Brussels.  No one has
shut or changed them.

Our Handles (pseudonyms) operating from a dozen or more locations have been accepted
in this pseudo criminal area, as in the esoteric.  We have not committed any crime or
criminal act.  We download  programs  from  other  boards  and contribute  a  great many
questions and logical points of discussion. 

We utilize dozens of handles from as many if not more locations including out of the way
"fortress" phones (Pay Telephones).  We have a group of super patriots working with/for
us in several parts of the world.  If we are eliminated from a Site for being uncooperative,
we switch handles, locations and participants while continuing to gather the knowledge we
seek. Our helpers follow a plan of operation but they freely interpret how to achieve stated
goals, thereby creating their own unique MO's.  In this way we seldom are identified as
repeat performers.

MESSAGE SITES
 
Message Sites (Talk Shows) tend to be more vulgar.   Vulgarity is used for emphasis.   As
before,  Kiddies  shows, the ultimate low end sites, are not tolerated. The download to
upload rate ranges from 6-1. When you attain the appropriate  level of privilege,  you enter
an inner sanctum. Unfortunately,  the price  of open/full access is owning up to a criminal
act which  the  sysop/web master can use to keep you from divulging his sites' secrets.

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SAMPLE MESSAGE

Msg # 153 of 450                 Date: Sun  2-12-89,  2:14 p.m. From: STINGER                
  Read: 56 times
 
Subject: Listen to this . . . i got it from an AT&T Newsline . . . 
 
"Washington D.C. area pay fones have now been set to block all incoming calls so
drug dealers in the NW D.C. area cant use pay phones for there drug deals . . . Drug
dealers use pay phones since there home phones are more likely to be tapped and
traced by FBI officials, so they go to pay phones."
 
that wasn't the FULL recording on the XXX line, but you get the idea..heres another
one i heard a couple of days ago..
 
"National Security Officials have stated to the AT&T that terrorist hand grenades
placed very conspicuously in phone centers can disrupt the nations
communications and leave the U.S. phones inoperative . . . the officials state that
more security should be put at these phone centers in the event of an attack by
hostile forces so the communications would be safe.."
 
same thing here too . . . not all and complete version, but close enough . . . these
XXXX  are REAL interesting..they even give stock prices of AT&T daily, plus how
other companies are faring and they even talked about how the PA attorney general
(???) stated that the phone co. was not illegally abusing some constitutional rights
when they put taps and traces on there line..(??????)
 
[A]gain, [R]eply, [F]orward, [P]rev, [N]ext, [Q]uit  (?=Help):  
****************************************************************************************************
 
Message Boards are the most difficult to track as most often they originate in a local PC
and have a limited clientele. The typical participant is a free thinking seeker of knowledge
between 16 and 30 years of age.  He will share his treasured phone numbers with people
he feels have like ideals.  In this way a class of user originates.  That user is predictable.
A drug kingpin with a savvy hacker on staff can own the site during off hours.  We looked
for, and at times have stumbled across lists of Law Enforcement mobile (car to car to
base), handheld (walkie talkie) and 2w-5w body wires.  Incredibly, even the frequencies of
the Witness Protection Program are suspect. Handles such as SUPERNIGGER give
insight into the foregoing.  SUPERNIGGER, among others, should be of interest to DIA and
AFOSI. He claims to use government equipment on duty on a military base.

SOFTWARE EXCHANGES

Software exchanges are vast libraries of application programs, utilities and custom
operating systems.  The better exchanges have 400 GB or above in available software.
Many problems exist for collectors as poor programming, bad hacking and maliciousness.
Programs such as SUG.COM, a vicious Trojan horse that destroys data, frequent this
environment.  Yet, with  judicious  selection,  a  cornucopia of excellent utility software can
be amassed.   New strains of corruption/VIRUS are readily available on these boards
before they filter to their less  sophisticated  counterparts.   These  boards   serve  as
distribution  hubs in the Channel of free software distribution.  Properly managed, they offer
an astute government entity the potential to cripple low end  hacking  while  destroying
information credibility that drives the choice of other free spirits to become hackers.

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SAMPLE SOFTWARE EXCHANGE

             Master File Listing for The XXXXXXXXX BBS
                    DIR 3 - Main Board Dir 3  Miscellaneous
 
SPANISH1.ZIP        35607     05-15-XX       Spanish teaching program 1 of 3
SPANISH2.ZIP        33656     05-15-XX  Spanish teaching program 2 of 3
SPANISH3.ZIP   22595     05-15-XX  Spanish teaching program 3 of 3
SPEECH.ZIP          23308     01-20-XX  make your computer talk !
SPLAT.ZIP             4322    02-07-XX  EGA demo of paint splats
SSTV.ZIP            20807     01-26-XX  Slow Scan TV program for HamRadio.
STIKME10.ZIP        54016     03-24-XX  GREAT LABEL MAKER (WONDERFULL)
STRESS.ZIP            3578    06-14-XX  stress analyzer
SUG.ZIP               1798    02-21-XX  put subliminal messages on your screen
SUMACS.ZIP          27233     07-18-XX  good TRS key macro prog
TALK.ZIP            91402     06-27-XX  makes your pc talk included in a batch
TASK.ZIP              1844    12-16-XX  Multi-task utility
TD130.ZIP           27662     07-22-XX  Ansi drawing program, oldie but not bad
TDRAW310.ZIP    152661   09-27-XX  best ansi drawing program around

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We have collected about 6000 hacker developed utilities in DOS/Windows operating
systems.  We have validated and certified 1250 as Virus/problem free. The matrix of
backdoor, trapdoor and undocumented features identified during this certification process
became the basis for V-PHAGE, our product producing secure integrated control of a
Personal Computer or in-house Network.

KNOWLEDGE (ANARCHY) SITES

Knowledge  exchanges are storehouses for devotees of anarchy.  If  one is intent  upon
building a  bomb,  sabotaging  autos or like equipments, shutting down communications,
etc., these are the places to look.  Available knowledge is not as current as that of the
professional sites, yet it is voluminous.  It has applicability to many older pieces of
hardware and weapons systems.  This knowledge is dangerous as since components are
available from electronic hobby stores in new and used condition.. The re-engineering of
a Tesla Coil can paralyze a telephone system (DSN). Text exists that ranges from
converting a standard telephone to DSN (1366 MHz machine)using scrap electronic parts.
Current DOD and Service telephone directories are available at command and base levels.
A tesla coil episode happened in boulder CO years ago.  Common household supplies can
create napalm, poisons to destroy a water supply and explosives of untold force. A trained
hacker rivals the best SOF/Delta Force technician.  This knowledge is not considered
criminal by Law Enforcement until after the crime has occurred.

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SAMPLE ANARCHY BOARD

The following is a list of the
available text files. All files
are in ascii format, and are
to be captured in your buffer.
Press 'S' to stop a listing.
Press 'P' to pause.
 
1:Demolition-Art of destruction
2:Demolition-Part two of Demo1
3:Make an explosive pen
4:How to get revenge:Part one
5:How to get revenge:Part two
6:Shifting Satellites
7:Homemade Waveguides
8:Microwave shock waves
9:Create a Thermite Reaction
10:Homemade Nuclear Reactions?
11:Fun, cruel things to do
12:Making a Napalm bomb
13:Making a pipe bomb
14:Making Nitro-Triiodide
15:Making a Black Box
16:Hotwiring a car
17:Fiber optics security
18:Jammming Receivers
19:Making a letter bomb
20:Murphy's laws
21:Making a match-head bomb
22:Electromagnetics for Pricks
23:Bypass the rules
 
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TALK SHOWS

Talk shows come and go.  Usually some groups of high school or junior college students
begin to exchange messages on a specific topic.  Then, if  the topics  are controlled and
interesting, they grow into a one topic BBS.  A good topic such as VIRUS made  the
VIRUS-L Board a  success. Our intelligence methodology allows us to know where and
when to be listening to keep a pulse on the direction and pace of the exchange.  Talk show
participants are a resource for the development of insight about weaknesses caused by
state-of-the-art expansions.  When we studied the potential of a prescribed wave to
penetrate the brain blood barrier, we learned of Soviet experiments with microwave and
the attack on the Moscow Embassy.  Without guile, a hacker offered the dial-up of the
cluster used by the Radiation Science Division at Brooks AFB.  We told AFOSI about their
gift to hacking. 

A West German Hobbyist explained how he destroyed electronic ignitions by accident
while trying to shift the orientation of a communications satellite.  The sum of the collected
talk allowed the generation of a prescribed wave weapon that functions as dastardly as it
sounds.  Comments contributed in Talk Shows range from experience to unthought of
sources of new knowledge.  Some participants offer to build and test the result of research
published by talkers.

KIDDIE SHOW
 
The  Kiddie show is  a low end combination of software, knowledge and messages.   They
are couched  in four letter filth and error. The basis of communication appears to be "who
can outboast whom." Software, on these Sites, is from the software distribution
(Knowledge) boards.  Kiddie Show BBS performs a function in that braggarts who are
shunned by other sites dump their information here to enhance their ego. Being forced to
listen to a kiddie show is redeemed solely by the occasional real intelligence from
individuals not tolerated on better boards.  A major bank was made suspect by the
bragging of a frustrated maintenance technician.  He explained the key code methods to
enter and reprogram an ATM (automatic teller machine) to gain credibility among his Kiddie
counterparts. The logic posted was tested and worked as documented in the New York
City print media. 

A Chief (apparently a USAF idiom) at STRATCOM posted frequencies for flights in the
continental US and Canada so his credibility would rise.  Were we sociologists we might
suggest that those seeking to sell secrets are to be located here.  If caught no one would
believe them to be rational.

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SAMPLE KIDDIE SHOW (This site is out of business)

 Agree To That....Him And His Eleech BBS
  What A Computer Nerd....Geek...
 
          The Protector!!
 
 (BY SNAKE EYES Tues 9/ 23/ XX )
 
 Hey Protector! Remember In Curtis That
 Fat Shit Wolverine! HAHAHA!!!! HAHAHA!
       
 Hey Users Of Hacks'R'Us
 
 Protector Goes To My School Curtis
 High He Is In 9th And Im In 10th He
 Hangs With a Bunch A Nerds!! When I
 Know The Whole S]<00l And /<iss All
 The Girls!! He Just Hangs Back With
 His Little Nerds! Mirage,Mirage's
 Brother,Tom Sawyer,Porky,Wolverine
 Protector,Andy Hope,Me,Fat Wolverine
 ,King Cobra,King Khon Goto CURTIS #1! 
 (BY HERBIE MUNSTER Mon 9/ 25/ XX)

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Sobczak has  identified certain boards, across the spectrum described above, which tend
to maintain  the  pulse of  the hacker/phreaker  community. 

We provide  telephone  numbers  with  PINS that  are  being misused.  We have provided
knowledge of our intelligence logic to every Federal Security Agency and to the Security
Directors of many Cabinet level agencies.  Amazingly most get burned (suffer the
consequences of a hacker attack) before they become believers.  Some more than once.
 
As mentioned, we have compiled a sample of a typical professional  level Hacker/Phreaker
session. The ability to produce this data is an indication of what is available to those who
seek to breach an agency or a corporation's computer security.  Sobczak has presented
this knowledge, and hard copy backed up data, to the CIA, Secret Service, FBI, NSA,
AFOSI, Army ITAC, and the DIA.  In early April 1989, we informed SDI/SI (no one else
would listen) that an NSA computer was corrupted by the Pearson Virus, a derivative of the
Missouri class. The data concerning the occurrence was on select BBS within hours of the
occurrence. Further, the BBS informant knew the leak was of interest to the NSA's Internal
Operations Security Support Office or Staff (please notice that freedom seekers have
access to almost anything our government holds secret).

The documentation concerning the incident in the United States premier Top Secret
organization listed a cast of participants by name.  The NSA explanation for the breach
was made and is flawed.  They blame a corrupted software product included in the book
DOS POWER TOOLS.  A hacker proved statistically, using manufacturers supplied
production and sales data, that the NSA logic is improbable. Another hacker suggests that
he and dozens of others have breached NSA security. The magazine 2600 (oriented to
hobbyist  exchanges) lends credibility to this assertion. They provide both NSA and CIA
the access points, ID's and passwords to dozens of supposedly secure systems that
hackers have tired of violating.

SUPPLEMENTING THE ETHER

The collection  of intelligence  concerning hacker/phreaker activities goes beyond BBS and
web Sites.  It can involve DTIC, NTIS, Executive Level department DBMS, personal
contacts,  and luck.  We followed a message exchange on a Message Board BBS which
degraded into the exchange of frequencies used by DEA and local law enforcement for
mobile, hand held and body wires.  It seems that well financed drug dealers are utilizing
some sites as points of contact locally and internationally.  In the six months since our first
warning to DEA, no one has attempted to verify our finding. The insecurity is nerve racking
when one considers that bureaucrats refuse to acknowledge weakness in the very fibre of
national security.  Media documented that all FAA in-flight collision warning lights were
invoked simultaneously in the NYC area. Blame fell to a programmatic system overload.
Was it so?  The FAA had better hope that the real cause (RF injected software) is not
placed in the public domain.  It could prove both embarrassing and dangerous.  

A hacker claims to have held an AT & T microwave tower hostage.  Columbus OH press
agree.  AT&T and the FCC refuse to verify this happening.  In Europe, a hacker trying to
shift a satellite destroyed an auto manufacturers' electronic ignition thereby offering the
potential to immobilize modern world economies.  Is it fact or fiction?  A prospective is
formed by the validity which accrues to Hacker content.  We suggest that existing capacity
is such that hackers might accomplish all of the foregoing.

Careful analysis of the knowledge  you see passing  before you allows  the structuring of
a  uniquely targeted conclusion concerning an information universe.  It  also  allows  you
to key upon actions that are appropriate to the solution of problems.
 
The ARPANET incursion is a reasonable topic to define the intelligence available from
BBS.   We have copies of NSA Director, Admiral Stadman's memorandum, which was
written by  a Navy Commander named Vaurio.  We read drafts of the documents, i.e.,
cover letter, MIT Project Athena Report, and draft letters for the signature of the
Secretaries of Defense and Commerce before the principals viewed them.  We traded
software for hard information.  

The characteristics' NSA reported upon were:
 
          1.  Denial of service made Virus visible
          2.  Was a prototype not tested
          3.  Canvased/etc/passwd file copied
          4.  Scanned selected keywords
          5.  Dormant until triggered
          6.  Corrupts backup procedures
          7.  Classified networks were at risk
 
Needs were discussed.   Names such as Dave Pare at UUCP and Clifford  Johnson at
Stanford were on BBS.  Someone asked if IDHS and DEFSMAC were at risk.  They are.
A hacker named Kevin Mitnick verified this by entering the NORAD command post
computer. Someone else asked about nuclear risk. There was none although it is possible
that missile silo network communications are corrupt.  Someone said Vince Mannis blamed
poor procedures.  We never did attempt  to  identify  MT.XINU.   Nor  did we  feel  that the
disassembly of CRACKSOME to  four levels was necessary.  We were given copies of the
Seely, Cornell, MIT and DoD reports. This is more than most security agencies have
available to them.  We suspect this assertion because some secure entities want to trade
with us to obtain our copies.

Jefferson said "Knowledge is Power."  The world of free flowing data creates a national
security weakness.  Those who manage and protect security do so in an incremental
manner.  Those (Hackers/phreakers) who seek to bypass security are at an advantage.
They share freely.  Before it is too late, our law makers must realize that intelligence
oversight in the sterile world of political correctness is an oxymoron.

Thomas V. Sobczak seeks simple answers to complex problems. He owns and operates
Thomas V. Sobczak, Consultants. He received a BA, Social Science, St. Johns University,
Brooklyn, NY; MBA, Management, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY; and a Ph.D.,
Management, Sussex College, England; He completed "the Economics of National
Security" Course and refresher from the National Defense College, Fort McNair,
Washington. Sobczak is a Fellow - Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME); Fellow -
Institute for the Advancement of Engineering; Fellow - Institution of Production Engineers
(England); an SME Certified Manufacturing Engineer; a California Licensed Professional
Engineer; and the author of six books and numerous articles. He has been Visiting
Professor & Lecturer at Hofstra University, NY Institute of Technology, and the NY
Polytechnic University. Dr. Sobczak suffered a below the knee amputation that causes him
to be steadfastly anchored to a computer in order to conceive ubiquitous solutions.