Misused Radio Frequencies

Misusing Computer RF Signals to Hurt People
By:  Thomas V. Sobczak, Ph.D., Baldwin, NY

INTRODUCTION

Sobczak produced VIRUS AS A WEAPON in 1987.  His research was decried in a
Business Week Editorial.  Since than, he has analyzed inputs from several hundred
Bulletin Board Systems and web sites in the United States, Western Europe, the Pacific
Rim, the Mid-East, South America, Eastern Europe and the nations of the former Soviet
Union on a limited basis.  The imbalance of communications facilities outside capitalist
economic systems makes collection of data defining some economic and political
competitors difficult.  He identified about one dozen sources willing to discuss computers
and technology which appear to have benefit to the Soviet and Warsaw Bloc military.  Most
Bloc equipments are clones of western equipments.  He has verified the work of Battelle
Memorial Institute explaining multiple generations of RIAD and pre-RIAD devices and their
operating environments for certain applications.
 
He continues extending knowledge of chip manipulation to weapon systems marketed in
the third world.  This is being accomplished by polling special interest groups who have the
inputs necessary to round out our study universe.  Bulletin Boards and web sites in African
Coast countries, Israel and Poland have been most helpful in explaining the functioning of
CIS equipments.  We collect information on the relations between CIS cloned computing
devices in use by these nations. 

CAT scan equipment being shipped to China becomes the platform for military radars and
missile targeting.  CAT Scan parallel processors are reprogrammed and used against
American Interests.  For what ever reason DTSA (Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA)
continues to approve export licenses.  The Chinese continue to modify American
technology.

INITIAL RESEARCH LOOKED AT CHIP MANIPULATION

In trying to understand chip logic Sobczak has found that many government research
efforts can be reapplied to produce results outside the area for which they were originally
intended.  Analysis of BIOS code proved that interrupts and calls differed sufficiently to
pose a threat to consistent operation. The O/S involved in early research (circa 1990) were
MS-DOS, CP/M and APPLE DOS.   In every case  processor speed could move from
standard to turbo.  At that time he worked in the range 4.77Mhz to 33Mhz.   A Mr Horn at
NSA said Sobczak can abuse computer hardware using this type non-traditional logic.  He
did not say if any protection against this experiment exists
 
Sobczak created software filters to affect the OS, BIOS, disk controllers,  clock card, and
modem. As he experimented he found that code could be written to overlay certain of the
chips in common use. Hackers had been and continue to ping each other using these
methods.  He grew beyond OS because, in test, he created VIRUS which  bypass the OS
and can modify extended BIOS calls, etc.  directly.  Additionally the next generation chips
will not require BIOS of the type now in use.  As BIOS sophisticate they open new avenues
to insecurity.
 
Sobczak provided a copy of VANNAEGA.ARC (soft code to manipulate clock speed
thereby causing friction (heat)) to AFCSC (San Antonio, TX) with an explanation of the
equipment configuration which was in used when a BIOS chip was destroyed. A Cpt White
indicated that in a test using a true IBM PC he could see code which was apparently
accessing the clock chip on the mother board however he refused to say if damage
occurred. 

History, though seldom viewed, provides the basis for RF destruction of hardware.

As early as the mid-seventies, Volkswagen developed a computer chip to control fuel
injection.  The car worked perfectly in Europe, but had unexplained engine failures in the
United States.  Engine failures were intermittent and very short lived when they occurred.
The cause of the failures was traced to transmissions in Citizens Band radio frequencies
emanating from mobile and base stations.  Over powered transceivers produce sufficient
energy to cause a malfunction.   Volkswagen modifieded the culprit chips.
  
GM cars have problems with electronic control systems when hit by signal in the two-meter
CB range. Other auto manufacturer's electronic controllers are reported to have problems
induced by cellular phone transmissions.  In all cases the RF frequencies were vmodified.

Hobbyists use forgotten rail spurs as long wire antennas for VLF experimentation.
Individuals located in Minnesota and West Virginia listen to US Navy SSBM transmissions.
  
Reports from BBS in England indicate problems occurred in autos in the area around
Coventry.  The problem is caused by RF leaked from transmitters used by Radio Four, a
commercial station transmitting on 1500 meters.  The station was using a high wattage
transmitter that readily disrupts auto computer chips and shuts down electronically
controlled engines.  The problem disappears when transmitter side lobes are adjusted and
maintained in adjustment.
 
The opportunity for battle management deterioration in small scale urban electronic
warfare becomes apparent as you read on.  The November 24th, 1987 edition of the
Baltimore Sun reported residents of Frederick, MD had problems with unexplained
operation of electronic garage door openers.  Owners of such devices returned them to
places of purchase and found that the units worked perfectly.  Nearby, the U.S. Army
operates a major communications center for both domestic and international traffic.  An
Army spokesman stated the transmitters were not radiating signal that would affect the
garage  door transceivers.  When the transmitters were shut down, the garage door
openers worked properly.  While the Army stated that they were not the problem, the
"problem" did disappear when the Army adjusted its frequency and eliminated sidelobes
typical to the transmitting antenna in question.   

High power RF transmissions affected an attack helicopter in use by two U.S. armed
services.   The helicopter, known as the AH-64, Blackhawk in the Army and the Seahawk
in the Navy, is the operational state of the art in low level air combat penetration.  It is
electronic-chip oriented in basic design and utilizes an RF dependent operations suite. The
RF effects problem was two fold.  
  
Vulnerability was caused by a design that employed a unique horizontal stabilizer to
improve its performance envelope.  The stabilizer was controlled through a series of
electronically activated hydraulic systems triggered by a microprocessor  controlled from
the cockpit through a series of expert systems which optimize the ability to fly by wire using
electronics. There was no physical connection (hard wire) between the flight controls and
the pilot of the craft.

The destructive triggerm is radio frequency interference stemming from a number of
different sources.  One such source was a common brand citizens band radio with an
illegal power output.  Amplified CB signal is common on long haul trucking rigs and in truck
stops which advertise to those on-the-road via CB transmissions.   An incident occurred
when a helicopter flew to close to a commercial RF transmission tower.  This caused the
discovery of the RF problem.  According to published reports, 5 UH-60 Blackhawks have
crashed since 1982 because of RF caused disruptions. The U.S. Army at Ft. Rucker, at
AVCOM in St. Louis and at Ft Eustis (West Point, VA) R&D Center instructed pilots that
flights near transmitting antennas or shipboard radar may cause "uncommanded" and
unanticipated  altitude and attitude changes.  Initial blame has been erroneously placed
on frequency sidelobes because the results of the Baltimore experience seemed
appropriate to this problem.
 
RF misuse, as a catastrophe, is not thought of as one that is possible in the electronically
manipulated battlefield.  A major portion of the foregoing was supplied by hackers helpers
working for the U.S. Navy at Warminster, PA and the Army at Fort Huachuca AZ, West
Point VA, and Adelphi MD.  During Desert Storm, Sobczak suggested to USSOCOM that
RF close to a targeted facility disrupted the flight of Tomahawk Missiles and affected the
lock-on of Patriot Missiles.  Our information was collected from Israeli, Syrian and Saudi
Arabian hobbyists.  We were proven to be correct by later explanatory press releases.
     
Consider the available normal radio environment and possible options available to an
aggressor force.  America is weakened by dependence on RF.  Aggressors could be
hobbyist experimenters or terrorists. What is to stop directed, less then high power, RF or
a microwave energy force from becoming a new, invisible, tactic that causes major
disruptions of weapon system components and sub-systems currently in use.  

Our research found development of RF weapons and conversely the protection of "at risk"
circuitry by optimizing technologies exchanged freely worldwide.  Daily we identify methods
by which RF can be misused. 

In an early experiment we identified the RF used by Commercial Aircraft Collision Warning
Systems.  We told the FAA about the potential problem.  The poo-poo'ed the idea.  In
January 1990, on a consistent basis, Collision Warnings were triggered by ground based
equipments using frequency derived wave guides attached to COTS equipments.

Anything from a dish antenna driver through a radar guidance system can  be destroyed
by corrupt code. Sobczak conceived  VIRUS AS A WEAPON (VAAW). Our idea was born
out of a BBS report of a mid-west hacker studying microwave transmissions.  He took
control of a AT&T transmission tower in Columbus Ohio.  His BBS made this claim. The
potential foraggression was demonstrated by my experiment.  I purchased a BEARCAT
16 scanner and an AC/DC converter for use in an auto cigarette lighter. Radio Shack offers
a wide variety of Products that might be misused.  I drove to a regional FAA facility in
Garden City, New York to listen to transmissions.  I was able to easily obtain FAA
frequencies by calling the airport and asking for them. Within an hour I had a dozen voice
and data frequencies.

It seems that everyone listens.  Later I found a book by Howard Sam's which had the voice
portion of the frequencies I collected.  The remainder were data frequencies.  My next task
was to isolate transmission frequencies from receptions.  A quick course in antenna design
at the local University library worked wonders. 

Next, I built a wave guide to narrow signal distribution generated by reengineering a Radio
Shack listening device.  I did not overtly attempt to corrupt.  I generated signal that was
sent toward the glide path into JFK Airport.  This activity does not violate any law as signal
transmission is free to the public.  My concept was proved the when the NY Times quoted
the FAA as blaming a :"Programmatic"  error for the activation of collision warning systems
on inbound aircraft. The plans for a microwave transmitter that might be used by terrorists
are available from magazines such as 2600 and on anarchist BBS.                     

As a note corruption is magnified by current high technology systems.  The aircraft that
thought it received a collision warning signal used on-board systems to trigger the error to
every other aircraft in the region. The official FAA position remains programmatic error.
We know they were wrong.  The problem has never been corrected.

LOCATING SIGNALS TO NEGATIVELY AFFECT PEOPLE

Experimenting with code string logic and RF transmission methods that affect people was
an outgrowth of the foregoing.  We reason, after an BBS/TELENET/Internet search, that
sensors in weapons systems are security risks. The following discusses the potential to
affect people using code strings transmitted by radio frequencies and non-ionizing
radiation. Americans, Israelis, Russians and Germans are experimenting in this area.
Electronic stimuli can be produced from soft code strings that stimulate electronic
equipments to condition responses of users.  Sobczak created a prescribed wave that
causes ocular-dysfunction.  Focused oscillations cause an individual concentrating upon
a video display screen to develop a severe headache when this code takes control of the
snap back mechanism (screen refresh) of a Video Display Unit.  Similarly, oscillating the
RF output of electric powered devices causes neglect and disorientation by those within
range.  Strange things occur when non-ionizing radiation leaking from power lines is
harnessed to pulse in predetermined patterns.  Anyone with the where-with-all can learn
how to build wave guides that focus RF signals at a target.

SOME SIGNALS READILY AFFECT PEOPLE

X rays and gamma rays are found at the high end of the frequency spectrum. The electric
potential of the human brain, the most important of nature's phenomena, is located at the
low end of the frequency spectrum (About 20 MHz).  Sobczak has affected brain functions
by developing software produced low frequency waves. Our goal was to alter psychological
states (produce mood changes) and to transmit stimuli that trigger suggestions and/or
commands directly into the human brain.  The ability to accomplish the foregoing dwarfs
both the atomic bomb and SDI. Such technology can be used to achieve political and
military goals without force of arms.  Military Forced Entry (Invasion) becomes a thing of
the past.

In 1962 there was much excitement about the Soviet microwave attack upon the American
Embassy in Moscow. The attack harassed diplomats and caused worry about the latent
effect microwaves would produce. The ploy was a success.  The question was raised
whether the USSR had conceived a technique using microwave frequencies for
psychological purposes. Were the Americans pressed into service as guinea pigs?
Discussion centered about the ability of microwaves to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Thermal effects are so small that the human brain does not appear be affected. As a
historical note, the record shows that embassy employees were indemnified for damages,
real or imagined, to their health. American Defense responded by beginning Project
Pandora and dozens of similar experiments.  The question about whether a scientist was
suffering from Radio Hypnotic Intra-Celebral control when he hurled himself from a hotel
window in New York City was never answered.  Government could be attacking its citizens
with no one the wiser.

The Defense universe and the CIA became paranoid about loss of mind manipulation
leadership.  MKULTRA (ARTICHOKE), MKDELTA, MKNAOMI, MKRESEARCH,
BLUEBIRD (renamed ARTICHOKE by DCI) and a continuation of the earlier CHATTER
Project (1947) were started and continue over time.  Sponsored activities might be
compared to an attempt to seduce a woman.  Researchers assumed that plain women
(Simple Systems) would more readily respond than beautiful women (Complex Systems).
What the experts missed was the fact that most ignore the beautiful woman because her
beauty is considered unapproachable. In many cases the beautiful woman is lonely and
eager to be seduced.  In complex systems programmers leave back and trap doors to ease
their access.  Hundreds of millions were/are wasted complicating mind control solutions.
Project objectivity is negatively affected by researcher and sponsor perceptions.

It has been documented that electromagnetic fields raising body temperature by less than
.1 degree-Celsius cause somatic change.  A minimal increase in body temperature had an
effect on human functioning.  More astonishing was the fact that electromagnetic effects
were deemed significant.  In 1963 Robert Strausz-Hupe accepted the premise of A.S.
Davydov concerning EXCITONS.  His book, PROTRACTED CONFLICT, an suggested a
new era of psyops philosophy that had not been previously considered.  It was ignored by
the experts at the time.  It is ignored today.

Chemical, physiological and behavioral changes occur within "windows" of frequency and
energy continua (A.S. Davydov in QUANTUM THEORY, 1967.)  This concept was
described by Davydov in his 1962 work THEORY OF MOLECULAR EXCITONS.  His
concept Quantum Theory is upgraded in his 1971 volume of the same title.  In 1982 he
published his BIOLOGY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS.  One of the windows discussed
is connected to biological rhythms of humans. Another is at the level of the human
electroencephalogram, i.e., in the range of extremely low radio and sound waves (+/- 20
hertz).

These early findings were thought to require energy amplification in the order of magnitude
of twelve. This level of amplification was not feasible in light of the than current
understanding of the technology involved.   No one took credit for the discovery that proved
this false postulate.  The postulate was accepted without scientific proof.

The original amplification model was based upon the premise that electromagnetic waves
interact with tissue in a linear fashion.  Research proved the molecular vibrations caused
by stimulating extracellular electromagnetic field properties are non-linear.  The vibrations
take the form of soliton waves transferring energy along long molecular chains. The term
soliton now appeared.  In 1971 William Kintner hinted at a Soviet breakthrough.  The
soviets acknowledged this in 1983 when P.G. Drazin published SOLITONS. 

In 1982 that term soliton achieved technical acceptance in the McGraw Hill
scientific-technical dictionary: "A soliton wave .... propagates without dispersing its energy
over larger and larger regions of space." Restated, a soliton wave propagates suddenly
acquired energy, or energy imparted by a shock, without dispersing it.  My research found
that soliton waves began being acknowledged as relevant by the military in high energy
physics and in the fusion program in 1985.

In biology solitons occur as electro-solitons and as acoustic solitons. They form only at
certain high- and low-energy levels, or windows.  Solitons are dynamically stable "spikes".
They participate in vital processes. Solitons have long lifetimes. Their vibration has a long
persistence into itself. These characteristics contribute to the formation of a soliton by a
boost of energy without a twelve order of magnitude increase suggested in the linear
assumption.

The soliton allows extracellular disturbances such as acoustic or electromagnetic bursts
to be propagated across the cell membrane. Nonlinearities in molecular dynamics rather
then chemical kinetics unlock the puzzle. As a form of corruption or as a anti-corruption tool
one must visualize the human brain and its environment as structures of electronic waves.
Assume shock waves create solitons.  Modern electronics can be designed and/or
programmed to create a range of resonances utilizing the flexibility, speed and accuracy
inherent in the circuitry of a computing device and certain electronic components.

Sobczak defined frequencies appropriate to repel aggression as well as available options
for transmission both to the target and then across the blood-brain barrier to brain cells.
Brain cells will someday be reachable diversely, flexibly and routinely.  Mind manipulation
as a non-lethal weapon works.  The P300 response can be manipulated.  Current
non-lethal investments overstate the potential result.  Large contractors blur the focus in
order to maintain research funding allocations.

Research about the relationship of microprocessor and board devices to cross-membrane
phenomenon is not documented anywhere in unclassified publications.  Research involves
a high risk but results in enormous payback to secure fielded weapon systems
fromaggression that subverts the abilities of the operator. One might suggest that a new
phenomenon has been discovered.  Sobczak has created a soft code weapons capable
of being aimed and triggered to produce effects on people.   We have yet to determine the
long term affects of the results produced. 

Russian mathematicians have been concerned with solitons (initially referred to as
EXCITONS) long before Americans became interested.  If a literature search is an
acceptable means of determining interest, American scientists are still disinterested.  It is
conceivable that Davydov, Drazin and Boris Ponomarev functioning under the wing of Uri
Andropov achieved workable results which warranted testing long before publication.  The
soliton topic remains a focal point of research by Drazin as indicated by his 1988
SOLITONS: INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATION from the winter school conference in
South India. Could this be the motive behind the original attack of microwave transmissions
that involved the U. S. Embassy in 1962?

Writings about soliton research in the United States is limited.  Albert F. Lawrence and W
Ross Adey appear in the technical journal NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH in 1982.  Dr
Adey was chief of research at the US Veterans Hospital in Loma Linda, CA.  The technical
article reports the effects of testing a Russian mind control device (LIDA Machine) on
American Veterans. The 1977 book by George Behefi titled ELECTROMAGNETIC
VIBRATIONS, WAVES AND RADIATION might be a reference text.  Behefi led Sobczak
to a book authored by a Russian. V. S. Vavilov explained RADIATION EFFECTS IN
SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMICONDUCTING DEVICES.  Sobczak did not continue this
line of research.  An earlier work by David Nachmansohn (1975) titled CHEMICAL AND
MOLECULAR BASIS FOR NERVE ACTIVITY turned Sobczak to the efforts of Eberhard
Neumann and Guenther Gerisch at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry (Martinsried
bei Muenchen).

These German researchers also discovered that cell membranes can be crossed. They
discovered that a shock wave passing through an electric field can create ultra quick
processes within the cell membrane. These "jumps in the field" allow genes to be
transmitted and cells to be fused. (feldspruenge = spike = soliton??).

The differential in the tension of the inner and outer membrane is said to average 1/70,000
volt. This corresponds to 70,000 volt per membrane thickness of one centimeter. In his
1983 work Drazin indicated the true thickness of a membrane is .1 to the -8 centimeter.
Drazin's discovery appears to be accidental but contributes to the research which followed.
Documented research requires measurements of events not lasting more than one
nanosecond. Various authors have suggested that solitons increase permeability of
membranes to a degree.  The Germans proved it possible to genetically engineer
approximately fifty cells into one cell with fifty nuclei and a single membrane.

Russian, American, and German scientists successfully entered a membrane
independently.  It appears that in a universe of narrowing technology we could state that
when the time comes for a fundamental innovation, discovery or invention to occur, it will
occur in several different places at different times involving independent researchers who
do not know of the other's efforts due to political or military security considerations.
Sobczak using the experience of others created COTS devices that affect computers,
telecommunications and people.

DIDDLING WITH THE BRAIN

Some personal computers and their respective VDT's have been duplicated upon TV
screens through nothing more than rough or fine tuning the reception.   The reason is that
the TV has the ability to automatically adjust the synchronization signals to the frequency
of intercepted computer VDT.   This "ability" is available through the use of a common
manual type tuner on a standard Black & White set with a normal directional antenna, a
prfabricated wave guide and an standard antenna amplifier.   All four devices in common
interface attached to a television receivers make a hobbyist or terrorist dangerous.
Sobczak has modified the RF frequency distribution using the fly back transformer in the
60 Hz range to vary screen painting.  Interesting results affecting operators occur in the 3xx
range.

Capture and modification of the screen refresh (snap back mechanism) of a video tube
readily affects people.  VDTs refresh in the range of 264 times per minute.  After capture
on might adjust them to 3XX per minute.  The ocular muscle vainly attempts to adjust to
the new rate.  The result is a muscular strain that feels like a headache. 
   
The capability to collect and/or modify RF and microwave signal exists if you have an
antenna on your roof attached to your receiving equipment.  Most commercial units have
built in signal amplification circuits to adjust for the ever growing background noise
generated by normal commercial stations and anticipated reception characteristics.   We
can read the information generated in any locality as easily as if we were tuning our
mechanical television receiver.  My experiments conducted in Queens County, New York
along the East River were able to collect the data displayed on VDTs in use at the United
Nations on the West side of the river.  Other experiments were conducted against the
Merrill Lynch Antenna farm on Smith Street in Staten Island (Richmond County) New York.
Letters of credit and monetary transfers were easily copied and decrypted from Cipher-2.
I was able to send signal back to the screen but suffered because I did not know what was
being typed.  I did not attempt to take control of a printer and print my transmission.  My
research proved it possible to adjust the data being received to cause permanent changes.
 
Consider the number of computers in a standard command and control environment.  Next
imagine the possible effect of a  hobbyist ELINT OR SIGINT operation on hardened vs
ruggedized vs tempest.  Hardening is poor security as the AH-64 episode proved.
Ruggedized is simply hardening to Mil Std.  Tempest is strongest security but has a major
flaw.  A signal penetrating a tempest environment bounces about like a bullet penetrating
the shell of a tank.  It randomly destroys all it touches until its energy is spent. 

A host of insecurity is opened in any surveillance gathering operation.  Hobbyist
equipments allow monitoring daily practices and transactional actions of a target with
complete impunity.   Most targets are completely unguarded due to the lack of knowledge
concerning hobbyist potential.  Many times it is easy to copy data thought to be secure.
It usually is not secure, nor is it missed because a copy does not affect the duplicated file.
Japenese were arrested for collecting RF outside McGuire AFB in New Jersey.   A step van
copied data outside Andrews AFB.  While the area near AF-1 was secure, knowing the
amount of fuel ordered, the food orders, etc. announced who was flying where.

The following example copied from a BBS in Maine provides a reasonable example:
"Aircraft 28000 does have secure voice capability on HF, as does some of the consoles
at Andrews, BUT most of the support stations involved with AF One operational details do
not have secured HF voice traffic.  That is why you still hear them in the clear on HF and
other circuits)."

"The new 747 is Tail Number 28000 - the old AF 1 was 27000, and the old backup was
26000".
 
In our observations, I have collected a wide spectrum of emitted signals with a strong
signal between 9.0 and 9.25 Mhz for the display of standard text scrolling on a Video
Display Tube (VDT).  Better display signal was found at the lower frequencies of 9 MHz.
Other VDT frequencies were found in the area of 11 through 19.5 - 20 Mhz with the exact
frequency dependent upon the manufacturer.  Printer  frequencies are in the range of 140
to 200 Mhz.  Disk operations were detected in the ranges of 88 to 250 Mhz.  Overall
frequency  generation was from 4 through 500 Mhz.  Modems were found between 28 and
300 MHz.  All in all, discovery of radiated or transmitted signals by means of common radio
technology will lead to the weapons and countermeasures that will need appear after 2000.
 
An after-2000 attack mechanism (code but not a virus) offers the potential for disruption
of internal signals used to process information.  It will cause other logic related systems to
act, or not act, without rhyme or reason.  RF manipulation is used against military and
commercial electronic controls and has been expanded to affect the human mind.
Malicious intent will be a problem against civilian targets such as computer installations,
bank and operations support structures. The override of security systems and any other
systems that may be affected by manipulation of frequencies could be accidental.  In one
experimnent I was able to pulse the outdoor lighting at a sporting event in a local park.  My
intent was to expand my VDT refresh modification experiments to determine if my results
were tied only to a VDT.  The majority of those watching were not affected by pulsed
lighting.  Yet the short stop became disoriented after about thirty minutes of play in game
one. In game two, without my experiment pulsing the lights he played an exceptional game.

In summary, those who design security are missing the most major theat yet to be
conceived by individuals whose egos cause them to commit criminal acts to be recognized.